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Project
Programme Co-ordinating Centre (PCC) of ICP Forests
In the 1980s, an increasing deterioration of forest condition in European forests was observed. This led to the establishment of the International Co-operative Program Forests (ICP Forests) under the UNECE Air Convention in 1985.
Background and Objective
In the 1980s, an increasing deterioration of forest condition in European forests was observed. The suspected link with the then very high levels of air pollution (especially of sulfur dioxide) led in 1985 to the adoption of the International Co-operative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests (ICP Forests) under the UNECE Air Convention, which currently includes 42 member countries.
The annual survey of crown condition on over 5500 plots across Europe is supplemented approximately every 10-15 years by surveys of forest soils and the tree nutrient status (Level I).
In order to understand cause-effect relationships, intensive Level II monitoring is carried out on another more than 600 plots throughout Europe since 1995. On these plots, data on air quality, deposition, soil solution, meteorology, ground vegetation, tree growth, phenology, litterfall and visible ozone damage are recorded in order to assess the condition of the forest ecosystems and its changes throughout Europe.
The lead country of ICP Forests is Germany. The ICP Forests Programme Co-ordinating Centre (PCC) at the Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems in Eberswalde is responsible for the programme administration and organization, and the data management. The PCC also edits the extensive ICP Forests Manual and publishes scientific papers and brochures for policy consultancy and the general public.
Approach
Within the Level I monitoring, crown condition is assessed annually by the ICP Forests member states on a 16 by 16 km grid (in total around 6,000 plots). The same grid is used for assessments of the soil and foliar condition, which are conducted every 10 to 15 years. The Level II monitoring sites (in total around 600 plots) can be regarded as case studies.
In order to achieve maximal comparability, all data collections follow the internationally adopted ICP Forests Manual. After several quality checks, the data are fed into the ICP Forests database which is managed by the PCC. These data can then be disseminated to external and internal data applicants according to the ICP Forests data policy, which has been adopted by all 42 ICP Forests member states. Standard evaluations are also performed by the PCC along with participations in more advanced studies undertaken by different scientists from partner organizations across Europe.
Links and Downloads
Thünen-Contact
Involved Thünen-Partners
- Dörner, MichelleWO Institute of Forest Ecosystems
- Haggenmüller, KatrinWO Institute of Forest Ecosystems
- Kirchner, TillWO Institute of Forest Ecosystems
- Michel, AlexaWO Institute of Forest Ecosystems
- Neumann, RichardWO Institute of Forest Ecosystems
- Neumann, RichardWO Institute of Forest Ecosystems
- Prescher, Anne-KatrinWO Institute of Forest Ecosystems
- Ryl, RalphWO Institute of Forest Ecosystems
- Schütt, TimWO Institute of Forest Ecosystems
- Wohlgemuth, LenaWO Institute of Forest Ecosystems
Duration
Permanent task 10.2013
More Information
Project status:
ongoing
Publications
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Rukh S, Krüger I, Potocic N, Timmermann V, Bolte A (2024) Does climate drive the defoliation of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)? Forest Ecol Manag 572:122232, DOI:10.1016/j.foreco.2024.122232
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Marchetto A, Hilgers C, Kirchner T, Michel AK, Schmitz A, Verstraeten A, Waldner P (2023) Atmospheric deposition in European forests in 2021. ICP Forests Techn Rep 2023:24-32, DOI:10.3220/ICPTR1697801881000
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Michel AK, Kirchner T, Prescher A-K, Schwärzel K (eds) (2023) Forest Condition in Europe : The 2023 Assessment ; ICP Forests Technical Report under the UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (Air Convention). Eberswalde: Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, 106 p, ICP Forests Techn Rep 2023, DOI:10.3220/ICPTR1697801881000
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Schwärzel K, Prescher A-K (2023) ICP Forests member states' view on the current ICP Forests Strategy and future activities. ICP Forests Techn Rep 2023:57-62, DOI:10.3220/ICPTR1697801881000
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Zimmermann L, Raspe S, Hilgers C, Schwärzel K, Michel AK (2023) Meteorological conditions in European forests in 2021. ICP Forests Techn Rep 2023:33-41, DOI:10.3220/ICPTR1697801881000
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Schmitz A, Sanders TGM, Bolte A, Bussotti F, Dirnböck T, Penuelas J, Pollastrini M, Prescher A-K, Sardans J, Verstraeten A, de Vries W (2023) Responses of forest ecosystems in Europe to decreasing nitrogen deposition. In: Du E, de Vries W (eds) Atmospheric nitrogen deposition to global forests : Spatial variation, impacts, and management implications. London: Academic Press, pp 227-245
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Timmermann V, Potocic N, Ognjenovic M, Kirchner T, Hilgers C (2023) Tree crown condition in 2022. ICP Forests Techn Rep 2023:42-56, DOI:10.3220/ICPTR1697801881000
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George J-P, Sanders TGM, Timmermann V, Potocic N, Lang M (2022) European-wide forest monitoring substantiate the neccessity for a joint conservation strategy to rescue European ash species (Fraxinus spp.). Sci Rep 12:4764, DOI:10.1038/s41598-022-08825-6
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Michel AK, Kirchner T, Prescher A-K, Schwärzel K (eds) (2022) Forest condition in Europe : The 2022 Assessment ; ICP Forests Technical Report under the UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (Air Convention). Eberswalde: Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, 103 p, ICP Forests Techn Rep 2022, DOI:10.3220/ICPTR1656330928000
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Geaorge JP, Sanders TGM, Neumann M, Cammalleri C, Vogt J (2022) How dry is too dry? A retrospective analysis on how global change-type droughts are driving mortality in European forests. In: International Union of Forest Research Organizations (ed) Book of abstracts : ALL IUFRO Conference 2022 : forests in a volatile world - global collaboration in sustain forests and their societal benefits : ALL-IUFRO Conference, 21-23 September 2022, Vienna, Austria. p 26
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Michel AK, Kirchner T, Prescher A-K, Schwärzel K (eds) (2021) Forest Condition in Europe : The 2021 Assessment ; ICP Forests Technical Report under the UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (Air Convention). Eberswalde: Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, 103 p, ICP Forests Techn Rep 2021, DOI:10.3220/ICPTR1624952851000
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Potocic N, Timmermann V, Ognjenovic M, Kirchner T, Prescher A-K, Ferretti M (2021) Tree health is deteriorating in the European forests. Eberswalde: Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, 4 p, ICP Forests Brief 5/2021, DOI:10.3220/ICP1638780772000
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Nicolas M, Michel AK (2020) Addressing challenges associated with long-term forest ecosystem monitoring. ICP Forests Techn Rep 2020:49-52
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Ferretti M, Waldner P, Verstraeten A, Schmitz A, Michel AK, Zlindra D, Marchetto A, Hansen K, Pitar D, Gottardini E, Calatayud V, Haeni M, Schaub M, Kirchner T, Hiederer R, Potocic N, Timmermann V, Ognjenovic M, Schuck A, Held A, et al (2020) Criterion 2: Maintenance of forest ecosystem health and vitality. In: State of Europe’s forests 2020. Bonn: Forest Europe, pp 52-86
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Michel AK, Prescher A-K, Schwärzel K (eds) (2020) Forest Condition in Europe : The 2020 Assessment ; ICP Forests Technical Report under the UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (Air Convention). Eberswalde: Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, 98 p, ICP Forests Techn Rep 2020, DOI:10.3220/ICPTR1606916913000
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Krüger I, Sanders TGM, Potocic N, Ukonmaanaho L, Rautio P (2020) Increased evidence of nutrient imbalances in forest trees across Europe. Eberswalde: Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, 6 p, ICP Forests Brief 4/2020, DOI:10.3220/ICP1597824383000
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Timmermann V, Potocic N, Ognjenovic M, Kirchner T (2020) Tree crown condition in 2019. ICP Forests Techn Rep 2020:33-48
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Michel AK, Prescher A-K, Schwärzel K (eds) (2019) Forest condition in Europe : 2019 technical report of ICP Forests ; Report under the UNECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP). Wien: Bundesforschungszentrum Wald, 104 p, BFW Dokum 27/2019
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Michel AK, Prescher A-K, Seidling W, Ferretti M (2018) A policy-relevant infrastructure for long-term, large-scale assessment and monitoring of forest ecosystems. Eberswalde: Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, 4 p, ICP Forests Brief 1/2018, DOI:10.3220/ICP1520841254000
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Michel AK, Seidling W, Prescher A-K (eds) (2018) Forest condition in Europe : 2018 technical report of ICP Forests ; Report under the UNECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP). Wien: Bundesforschungszentrum Wald, 92 p, BFW Dokum 25/2018
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Seidling W (ed) (2018) Forest conditions : ICP forests 2018 executive report. Eberswalde: Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, 15 p
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Schaub M, Haeni M, Calatayud V, Ferretti M, Gottardini E, Michel AK, Seidling W (2018) Ozone concentrations are decreasing but exposure remains high in European forests. Eberswalde: Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, 6 p, ICP Forests Brief 3/2018, DOI:10.3220/ICP1525258743000
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Schmitz A, Sanders TGM, Michel AK, Verstraeten A, Hansen K, Waldner P, Prescher A-K, Zlindra D (2018) Status and trends of inorganic nitrogen deposition to forests in Europe. Eberswalde: Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, 4 p, ICP Forests Brief 2/2018, DOI:10.3220/ICP1520841823000
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Michel AK, Seidling W (eds) (2017) Forest condition in Europe : 2017 technical report of ICP Forests ; Report under the UNECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP). Wien: Bundesforschungszentrum Wald, 128 p, BFW Dokum 24/2017
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Michel AK, Seidling W (eds) (2016) Forest condition in Europe : 2016 technical report of ICP forests ; Report under the UNECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP). Wien: BFW Bundesforschungszentrum für Wald, 206 p, BFW Dokum 23/2016
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Seidling W (ed) (2016) Forest conditions : ICP forests 2016 executive report. Eberswalde: Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, 20 p
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Michel AK, Seidling W (2016) Introduction. BFW Dokum 23/2016:9-10
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Seidling W (2016) The monitoring and research infrastructure of ICP forests. BFW Dokum 23/2016:11-19
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Timmermann V, Potocic N, Sanders TGM, Trotzer S, Seidling W (2016) Tree crown condition and damage causes. BFW Dokum 23/2016:20-58
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Ferretti M, Fischer U, Hansen K, Michel AK, Sanders TGM, Seidling W (2015) Criterion 2: Maintenance of forest ecosystem health and vitality, Indicator 2.1 Deposition of air pollutants. In: Forest Europe Liason Unit Mardrid (ed) State of Europe’s forests 2015 report. pp 90-95
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Köhl M, San-Miguel-Ayanz J, Torres GD, Durrant T, Ferretti M, Fischer U, Hansen K, Hiederer R, Michel AK, Sanders TGM, Seidling W, Moffat AJ, Weiss G (2015) Criterion 2: Maintenance of forest ecosystem health and vitality. In: Forest Europe Liason Unit Mardrid (ed) State of Europe’s forests 2015 report. pp 89-100
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Waldner P, Thimonier A, Graf Pannatier E, Etzold S, Schmitt M, Marchetto A, Rautio P, Derome K, Nieminen TM, Nevalainen S, Lindroos A-J, Merilä P, Kindermann G, Neumann M, Fischer R, Fleck S, Sanders TGM, Michel AK, Iost S, Lorenz K, et al (2015) Exceedance of critical loads and of critical limits impact tree nutrition across Europe. Ann Forest Sci 72(7):929-939, DOI:10.1007/s13595-015-0489-2
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Michel AK, Seidling W (eds) (2015) Forest condition in Europe : 2015 technical report of ICP Forests ; report under the UNECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP). Wien: Bundesforschungszentrum Wald, 182 p, BFW Dokum 21/2015
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Michel AK, Seidling W (2015) Introduction. BFW Dokum 21/2015: 6
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Seidling W (2015) Materials and methods: ICP Forests [online]. NIVA Rep 6946: 17, zu finden in <http://www.icp-waters.no/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=XaemU1AmKaY%3d&tabid=36> [zitiert am 06.01.2016]
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Suz LM, Barsoum N, Benham S, Cheffings C, Cox F, Hackett L, Jones AG, Mueller GM, Orme DL, Seidling W, Linde S van der, Bidartondo MI (2015) Monitoring ectomycorrhizal fungi at large scales for science, forest management, fungal conservation and environmental policy. Ann Forest Sci 72(7):877-885, DOI:10.1007/s13595-014-0447-4
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Seidling W, Haelbich H, Sanders TGM (2015) Relationships between defoliation of forest trees and modelled nitrogen deposition. BFW Dokum 21/2015:50-60
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Ferretti M, Sanders TGM, Michel AK, Calatayud V, Cools N, Gottardini E, Haeni M, Hansen K, Potocic N, Schaub M, Timmermann V, Trotzer S, Vanguelova EI (2015) The impact of nitrogen deposition and ozone on the sustainability of European forests : ICP forests 2014 executive report [online]. 32 p, zu finden in <http://www.icp-forests.net> [zitiert am 09.12.2015]
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Seidling W, Michel AK (2015) The monitoring system of ICP Forests. BFW Dokum 21/2015:7-11
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Seidling W, Trotzer S, Sanders TGM, Timmermann V, Potocic N, Michel AK (2015) Tree crown condition and damage causes. BFW Dokum 21/2015:12-49
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Potocic N, Timmermann V, Trotzer S (2015) Trends in forest responses (ICP Forests): Crown condition [online]. NIVA Rep 6946:30-31, zu finden in <http://www.icp-waters.no/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=XaemU1AmKaY%3d&tabid=36> [zitiert am 06.01.2016]
- 41
Seidling W, Travaglini D, Meyer P, Waldner P, Fischer R, Granke O, Chirici G, Corona P (2014) Dead wood and stand structure - relationships for forest plots across Europe. iForest 7: 269-281, DOI:10.3832/ifor1057-007
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Giordani P, Calatayud V, Stofer S, Seidling W, Granke O, Fischer R (2014) Detecting the nitrogen critical loads on European forests by means of epiphytic lichens : a signal-to-noise evaluation. Forest Ecol Manag 311(1):29-40, DOI:10.1016/j.foreco.2013.05.048
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Waldner P, Marchetto A, Thimonier A, Schmitt M, Rogora M, Granke O, Mues V, Hansen K, Pihl-Karlsson G, Zlindra D, Clarke N, Verstraeten A, Lazdins A, Schimming CG, Iacoban C, Lindroos A-J, Vanguelova EI, Fischer U, Seidling W, Fischer R, et al (2014) Detection of temporal trends in atmospheric deposition of inorganic nitrogen and sulphate to forests in Europe. Atmos Environ 95:363-374, DOI:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.06.054
- 44
Fischer R, Scheuschner T, Schlutow A, Granke O, Mues V, Olschofsky K, Nagel H-D (2014) Effects evaluation and risk assessment of air pollutants deposition at European monitoring sites of the ICP forests. In: Steyn DG, Builtjes PJH (eds) Air Pollution Modelling and its Application : XXII. Proceedings of the 32nd NATO/SPS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution and its Application ; Utrecht, The Netherlands, 1-11 May 2012. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp 89-93, doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5577-2_15
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Michel AK, Seidling W, Lorenz M, Becher G (eds) (2014) Forest condition in Europe : 2013 technical report of ICP forests ; report under the UNECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP). Eberswalde ; Hamburg: Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, 134 p, Thünen Working Paper 19, DOI:10.3220/WP_19_2014
- 46
Michel AK, Seidling W (eds) (2014) Forest condition in Europe : 2014 technical report of ICP forests ; report under the UNECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP). Vienna: BFW Austrian Research Centre for Forests, 164 p, BFW Dokum 18/2014
- 47
Sanders TGM, Fischer U, Seidling W, Lorenz M (2014) Reassessing critical load calculations by ecosystem feedback. Int Forestry Rev 16(5):491
- 48
Fischer U, Seidling W (2014) Spatial variation of deposition in Europe. BFW Dokum 18/2014:91-101
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Becher G, Waldner P, Hansen K, Fischer R, Lorenz M, Seidling W (2014) Sulphate and nitrogen deposition to forests and trend analyses. Thünen Working Paper 19:55-64
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Seidling W, Sanders TGM, Akselsson C, Cools N, De Marco A, De Vos B, de Vries W, Etzold S, Ferretti M, Fischer U, Giordani P, Graf Pannatier E, Hansen K, Jonard M, Marchetto A, Nevenic R, Rautio P, Reinds GJ, Skudnik M, Fischer R, et al (2014) The condition of forests in Europe : 2013 executive report. Eberswalde: Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, 36 p
- 51
Ferretti M, Sanders TGM, Michel AK (eds) (2014) The impact of nitrogen deposition and ozone on the sustainability of European forests : ICP forests 2014 Executive Report. Hamburg: ICP Forests, 28 p
- 52
Seidling W (2014) The monitoring system of ICP Forests. BFW Dokum 18/2014:7-10
- 53
Seidling W, Ziche D, Beck W (2012) Climate responses and interrelations of stem increment and crown transparency in Norway spruce, Scots pine, and common beech. Forest Ecol Manag 284:196-204, DOI:10.1016/j.foreco.2012.07.015
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Lorenz M, Becher G (eds) (2012) Forest condition in Europe : 2012 technical report of ICP forests. Hamburg: Institute for World Forestry, 167 p, Work Rep Inst World Forestry 2012/1
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Sanders TGM, Seidling W (2012) Quality aspects in intensive forest monitoring. GI Edititon Proc 194:271-274
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Waldner P, Thimonier A, Schmitt M, Marchetto A, Rogora M, Granke O, Mues V, Hansen K, Pihl-Karlsson G, Zlindra D, Clarke N, Verstraeten A, Lazdins A, Schimming CG, Iacoban C, Lindroos A-J, Vanguelova EI, Seidling W, Fischer U, Fischer R, et al (2012) Sulphate and nitrogen deposition and trend analyses. Work Rep Inst World Forestry 2012/1:60-76
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Fischer R, Lorenz M (eds) (2011) Forest condition in Europe : 2011 technical report of ICP forests and FutMon. Hamburg: vTI, 212 p, Arbeitsber Inst Weltforstwirtsch Work Rep 2011/01
https://literatur.thuenen.de/digbib_extern/bitv/dn049376.pdf
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Fischer R, Lorenz M, Granke O, Mues V, Iost S, Dobben H van, Reinds GJ, de Vries W (2010) Forest condition in Europe : 2010 technical report of ICP forests. Hamburg: vTI, 175 p, Arbeitsber Inst Weltforstwirtsch Work Rep 2010/01
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Fischer R, Mues V, Granke O (2010) Forstliches Umweltmonitoring in Europa unter ICP Forests und die Kooperation mit der EU im Rahmen des FutMon Projektes. In: Forstwissenschaften: Grundlage nachhaltiger Waldbewirtschaftung / Forstwissenschaftliche Tagung, 22. bis 24. September 2010 an der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen. Ausgerichtet von den Forstwissenschaftlichen Fakultäten und dem Verband Forstlicher Forschungsanstalten . Göttingen: Cuvillier, p 185
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Ziche D, Seidling W (2010) Homogenisation of climate time series from ICP forests level II monitoring sites in Germany based on interpolated climate data. Ann Forest Sci 67(8):804/1-804/6, DOI:10.1051/forest/2010051
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Cox F, Barsoum N, Lilleskov EA, Bidartondo MI, Seidling W (2010) Mykorrhizierung von Kiefernwurzeln : Stickstoffverfügbarkeit als Einflussfaktor. AFZ Der Wald 65(24):8-10
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Ziche D, Seidling W (2009) Benefits of meteorological measurements at forest monitoring sites compared with interpolated climatic data. In: Kaennel Dobbertin M (ed) Long-term ecosystem research: Understanding the present to shape the future : International Conference, Zurich, Switzerland, September 7-10, 2009 ; Abstracts. p 28
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Lorenz M, Fischer R, Becher G, Mues V, Granke O, BratislavskayaT , Brobinsky A, Lukina N, Clarke N, Lachmanová Z, Schimming CG (2009) Forest condition in Europe : 2009 technical report of ICP forests. Hamburg: vTI, 81 p, Arbeitsber Inst Weltforstwirtsch Work Rep 2009/1
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Lorenz M, Fischer R, Becher G, Granke O, Seidling W, Ferretti M, Schaub M, Calatayud V, Bacaro G, Gerosa G, Rocchini D, Sanz M (2008) Forest condition in Europe : 2008 technical report of ICP forests. Hamburg: vTI, 107 p, Arbeitsber Inst Weltforstwirtsch Work Rep 2008/1
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Seidling W, Fischer R, Granke O (2008) Relationships between forest floor vegetation on ICP forests monitoring plots in Europe and basic variables in soil and nitrogen deposition. Int J Environ Stud 65(3):309-320, DOI:10.1080/00207230701862538
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Seidling W, Fischer R, Granke O (2008) Relationships between forest floor vegetation on ICP Forests monitoring plots in Europe and basic variables in soil and nitrogen deposition. Int J Environ Stud 65(3):311-322
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Lorenz M, Fischer R, Becher G, Granke O, Roskams P, Nagel HD, Kraft P (2007) Forest condition in Europe : 2007 technical report of ICP forests. Hamburg: Bundesforschungsanstalt für Forst- und Holzwirtschaft, Institut für Weltforstwirtschaft, 98 p, Arbeitsber Inst Weltforstwirtsch Work Rep 2007/1
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Eichhorn J, Albrecht M, Evers J (2007) Quo vadis - Forstliches Umweltmonitoring in Europa? - Ergebnisse des internationalen ICP Forests Symposiums. Forst Holz 62(3):30-33
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Seidling W (2007) Signals of summer drought in crown condition data from the German Level I network. Eur J Forest Res 126(4):529-544, DOI:10.1007/s10342-008-0206-x
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Seidling W (2006) Auswirkungen von klimatischem Trockenstress auf den Waldzustand. Eberswalde: BFH, 68 p, Arbeitsber Inst Waldökol Waldinventuren 2006/4
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Seidling W (2006) Defoliation - key parameter or cue ball of variegated influences? In: Eichhorn J (ed) Tagungsbeiträge zur internationalen Tagung des ICP Forests, Göttingen, 25.-28.10.2006. Hessen-Forst, pp 29-31
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Lorenz M, Fischer R, Becher G, Mues V, Seidling W, Kraft P, Nagel HD (2006) Forest condition in Europe : 2006 technical report of ICP forests. Hamburg: Bundesforschungsanstalt für Forst- und Holzwirtschaft, Institut für Weltforstwirtschaft, 114 p, Arbeitsber Inst Weltforstwirtsch Work Rep 2006/1
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Lorenz M, Becher G, Mues V, Fischer R, Becker R, Calatayud V, Dise N, Krause GHM, Sanz M, Ulrich E (2005) Forest condition in Europe : 2005 technical report of ICP forests. Hamburg: Federal Research Centre for Forestry and Forest Products and Department of Wood Science University of Hamburg, 176 p, Arbeitsber Inst Weltforstwirtsch Work Rep 2005/2
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Lorenz M, Becher G, Mues V, Fischer R, Ulrich E, Dobbertin M, Stofer S (2004) Forest condition in Europe : 2004 technical report of ICP forests. Hamburg: Forest Research Centre for Forestry and Forest Products, 96 p, Arbeitsber Inst Weltforstwirtsch Work Rep 2004/2
